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LNG: Developing LNG activities downstream from liquefaction projects
Total has entered into agreements to obtain long-term access to liquefied natural gas (LNG) re-gasification capacity on the three continents that are the largest consumers of natural gas: North America (the United States and Mexico), Europe (France and the United Kingdom) and Asia (India).
In the LNG chain, the Gas & Power division is responsible for operations downstream from liquefaction plants 1, including purchase, shipping, re-gasification, storage and marketing.
Through its subsidiaries Total Gas & Power Ltd and Total Gas & Power North America Inc., TOTAL has entered into agreements to obtain long-term access to LNG re-gasification capacity on the three continents that are the largest consumers of natural gas : North America (the United States and Mexico), Europe (France and the United Kingdom) and Asia (India). This diversified market presence allows the Group to access new liquefaction projects by becoming a long-term buyer of a portion of the LNG produced at the plants, thereby consolidating its LNG supply portfolio.
In addition, TOTAL and EDF signed in March 2010 a letter of intent whereby TOTAL will reserve re-gasification capacity in the planned Dunkirk LNG terminal being developed by Dunkerque LNG, a wholly-owned EDF subsidiary, and will also acquire an interest in this company.
Phase 1 (371 Bcf/y representing 10.5 Bm3/y) of the terminal was commissioned in October 2009 and Phase 2, expected to come onstream in the first half of 2010, is expected to increase the overall capacity of the terminal to 742 Bcf/y (21 Bm3/y).
In addition, Total holds a 30% interest in Gaztransport & Technigaz (GTT), which focuses mainly on the design and engineering of membrane cryogenic tanks for LNG tankers. At year-end 2009, 225 active LNG tankers were equipped with membrane tanks built under GTT licenses out of a world tonnage estimated at 344 LNG tankers.
As part of the project to build an additional LNG train (train 7) with a capacity of approximately 8.5 Mt/y, Total signed a purchase agreement in February 2007 for 1.375 Mt/y of LNG over a 20-year period. This agreement is subject to NLNG’s final investment decision for this new train.
Total also acquired a 17% interest in the Brass LNG project in July 2006. This liquefaction project calls for the construction of two liquefaction trains, each with a capacity of 5 Mt/y. In conjunction with this acquisition, Total signed a preliminary agreement with Brass LNG Ltd setting forth the principal terms of an agreement to purchase approximately one-sixth of the plant’s capacity over a 20-year period. This LNG would be delivered primarily to North America and Western Europe. The purchase agreement is subject to final investment decision for the Brass LNG project.
In 2009, Total Gas & Power Ltd purchased twenty-three contractual cargos and twelve spot cargos from Norway, Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea, Indonesia, Trinidad & Tobago, Qatar and Yemen.
Through its subsidiaries Total Gas & Power Ltd and Total Gas & Power North America Inc., TOTAL has entered into agreements to obtain long-term access to LNG re-gasification capacity on the three continents that are the largest consumers of natural gas : North America (the United States and Mexico), Europe (France and the United Kingdom) and Asia (India). This diversified market presence allows the Group to access new liquefaction projects by becoming a long-term buyer of a portion of the LNG produced at the plants, thereby consolidating its LNG supply portfolio.
Europe
France
In France, TOTAL acquired in June 2006 an interest in Société du Terminal Méthanier de Fos Cavaou (STMFC). This terminal is expected to have a re-gasification capacity of 291 Bcf/y (8.25 Bm3/y), of which 79 Bcf/y (2.25 Bm3/y) has been reserved by Total. The Group’s interest in STMFC’s share capital decreased to 28.8% from 30.3% in late 2009 pursuant to the provisions of the shareholders’ agreement, without impacting the re-gasification volumes reserved by Total. In October 2009, the terminal was authorized by the prefectorial authorities to conduct commissioningtests and operate at reduced capacity. Commercial start-up is expected in the second quarter of 2010.In addition, TOTAL and EDF signed in March 2010 a letter of intent whereby TOTAL will reserve re-gasification capacity in the planned Dunkirk LNG terminal being developed by Dunkerque LNG, a wholly-owned EDF subsidiary, and will also acquire an interest in this company.
United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, TOTAL acquired in December 2006 an 8.35% interest in the South Hook LNG re-gasification terminal project in connection with its entry in the Qatargas 2 project.Phase 1 (371 Bcf/y representing 10.5 Bm3/y) of the terminal was commissioned in October 2009 and Phase 2, expected to come onstream in the first half of 2010, is expected to increase the overall capacity of the terminal to 742 Bcf/y (21 Bm3/y).
Norway
In Norway, as part of the Snøhvit project, in which TOTAL holds an 18.4% interest and where the first deliveries started in October 2007, the Group signed in November 2004 a purchase agreement for 35 Bcf/y (1 Bm3/y) of natural gas primarily intended for North America and Europe. To transport this LNG, TOTAL also charters the Arctic Lady, a 145,000 m3 LNG tanker that was delivered in April 2006.Croatia
In Croatia, Total owns an interest in Adria LNG, a company in charge of studying the construction of an LNG re-gasification terminal on Krk island, on the northern Adriatic coast. In December 2009, Total’s interest increased from 25.58% to 27.36% pursuant to the withdrawal of a partner from the project. This terminal is expected to have an initial re-gasification capacity of 353 Bcf/y (10 Bm3/y), which could be subsequently increased to 494 Bcf/y (14 Bm3/y).In addition, Total holds a 30% interest in Gaztransport & Technigaz (GTT), which focuses mainly on the design and engineering of membrane cryogenic tanks for LNG tankers. At year-end 2009, 225 active LNG tankers were equipped with membrane tanks built under GTT licenses out of a world tonnage estimated at 344 LNG tankers.
North America
Mexico
In Mexico, the Altamira re-gasification terminal, in which Total holds a 25% interest, has been operating since the summer of 2006. This terminal, located on the east coast of Mexico, has a re-gasification capacity of 236 Bcf/y (6.7 Bm3/y). This capacity has been entirely reserved by Gas del Litoral, in which Total has a 25% interest. The terminal received forty cargos in 2009, compared to forty-two in 2008 and thirty-three in 2007. In November 2009, Altamira received its first Q-Flex vessel from Qatar.United States
In the United States, the Sabine Pass terminal in Louisiana was inaugurated in April 2008. TOTAL has reserved re-gasification capacity of approximately 10 Bm3/y (1 Bcf/d) at this terminal for a renewable 20-year period starting in April 2009, concurrent with the delivery of the Group's first LNG cargo. As part of this agreement, Total plans to supply the Sabine Pass terminal though its LNG purchase contracts associated with its various production projects, notably in the Middle East, Norway and Western Africa.Asia
India
In India, the Hazira re-gasification terminal (TOTAL 26%), located on the west coast in the Gujarat state, was inaugurated in April 2005 with an initial re-gasification capacity of approximately 120 Bcf/y (3.4 Bm3/y). Its capacity reached 177 Bcf/y (5 Bm3/y) after de-bottlenecking operations conducted in 2008. Hazira is a merchant terminal with operations that include LNG re-gasification and natural gas marketing. Total has agreed to provide up to 26% of the LNG for the Hazira terminal. Due to market conditions in 2009, Hazira was operated on the basis of short-term contracts, both for the sale of gas on the Indian market and the purchase of LNG from international markets. Twenty-seven cargos were delivered in 2009, compared to thirty in 2008 and twenty-eight in 2007.China
In China, TOTAL signed in December 2008 an LNG sale agreement with CNOOC (China National Offshore Oil Company). As part of this agreement, Total is expected to supply CNOOC with up to 1 Mt/y of LNG starting in 2010. The gas supplied will come from the Group’s global LNG resources.Middle East
Qatar
In Qatar, Total signed purchase agreements in July 2006 for up to 5.2 Mt/y of LNG from the second train of Qatargas 2 over a 25-year period. This LNG is expected to be marketed principally in France, the United Kingdom and North America. The Group’s acquisition of a 16.7% interest in the second train of Qatargas 2 was concluded in December 2006. LNG production from this train started in September 2009.Yemen
In Yemen, Total signed in July 2005 an agreement with Yemen LNG Ltd (Total, 39.62%) to purchase 2 Mt/y of LNG over a 20-year period, beginning in 2009, to be delivered to the United States. LNG production from the first train of Yemen LNG started in October 2009. Construction of the second train is nearing completion for a start-up by the summer of 2010.Africa
Angola
In Angola, Total is involved in the construction of the Angola LNG plant (13.6%), comprised of a 5.2 Mt/y train, which is expected to start up in 2012. As part of this project, Total signed a re-gasified natural gas purchase agreement in December 2007 for 13.6% of the quantities to be delivered to the Gulf LNG Clean Energy terminal in Mississippi in the United States.Nigera
In Nigeria, as part of the expansions of the Nigeria LNG (NLNG) plant, in which the Group holds a 15% interest, Total signed an LNG purchase agreement for an initial 0.23 Mt/y over a 20-year period, to which an additional 0.9 Mt/y was added when the sixth train came onstream.As part of the project to build an additional LNG train (train 7) with a capacity of approximately 8.5 Mt/y, Total signed a purchase agreement in February 2007 for 1.375 Mt/y of LNG over a 20-year period. This agreement is subject to NLNG’s final investment decision for this new train.
Total also acquired a 17% interest in the Brass LNG project in July 2006. This liquefaction project calls for the construction of two liquefaction trains, each with a capacity of 5 Mt/y. In conjunction with this acquisition, Total signed a preliminary agreement with Brass LNG Ltd setting forth the principal terms of an agreement to purchase approximately one-sixth of the plant’s capacity over a 20-year period. This LNG would be delivered primarily to North America and Western Europe. The purchase agreement is subject to final investment decision for the Brass LNG project.
Trading
Total, through its subsidiary Total Gas & Power Ltd, has conducted trading activities primarily for spot LNG between 2001 and 2006. In 2007, this subsidiary began receiving cargos under its long-term supply contracts with Nigeria and Norway. Since 2009, the new purchase agreements for LNG from Qatargas 2 and Yemen LNG have allowed a substantial development of the Group’s operations in LNG marketing. This mix of spot and long term LNG purchases allows Total to supply its main customers around the world with gas, while retaining a certain degree of flexibility to reactto market opportunities or unexpected fluctuations in supply and demand.In 2009, Total Gas & Power Ltd purchased twenty-three contractual cargos and twelve spot cargos from Norway, Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea, Indonesia, Trinidad & Tobago, Qatar and Yemen.
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